NFS-network file Sharing service(server)

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NFS: File Sharing in UNIX Networks

NFS: File Sharing in UNIX Networks

NFS (Network File System) is a protocol used for file sharing within UNIX environments. Windows users typically cannot access these shared files, as NFS is specifically designed for UNIX systems.

Key Information

  • Package Name: nfs-utils
  • Service Name: nfs
  • Port Information: NFS does not have a specific port; it relies on the portmapper service, which operates on port 111. To check the status of the portmapper service, use: 
    service portmap status
netstat -atnp | grep 111
  • Configuration Path: /etc/exports
  • Log File: /var/log/messages

Sharing Files and Directories

To share a file or directory, you need to specify its path in the /etc/exports file using the following format:

sharename  ID/IP   permissions

Here are some examples:

  • Read-Only with Sync: 
    /crackers *(ro,sync)
    This shares the /crackers directory with read-only access and ensures that new files are visible only after they are fully copied.
  • Read-Write with Async: 
    /crackers *(rw,async)
    This shares the /crackers directory with read-write access, allowing users to see new files before they are fully copied.
  • Read-Write for a Specific Subnet: 
    /crackers 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0(rw,sync)
    This grants read-write access to all IPs within the specified subnet.
  • Domain-Based Access: 
    /crackers *.blackhats.com(rw,sync)
    This shares the /crackers directory with all users from the blackhats.com domain with read-write permissions.
  • Mixed Permissions: 
    /crackers *.blackhats.com(ro,sync) EXCEPT godfather.blackhats.com(rw,async)
    This grants read-only access to all users from the blackhats.com domain, while godfather.blackhats.com has read-write access with async visibility.

Accessing NFS Shares

To access network shares, you must mount them using the following command:

mount /source:/path@server /Destination

For example:

mount /192.168.0.1:/crackers /mnt/nfsshares

Whenever you create a new mount point, restart the NFS service. However, during file replication, avoid restarting the NFS service. Instead, use the following commands to update:

exportfs -ra   # Updates NFS exports
exportfs -v    # Displays current mounts

It’s crucial that the root user sets appropriate permissions on these shares to allow user access.

NFS also facilitates installations within UNIX environments, making it a versatile tool for network file management.

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